Evaluation of the efficiency of ceramic filters for water treatment in Kambata Tabaro zone, southern Ethiopia

Environmental Systems Research

Table 5 Water hardness agents removal efficiency

Filter code	Concentration of Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, So ²⁻₄ , Po ³⁻₄ before filtration (ppm)				Concentration of Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, So ²⁻₄ , Po ³⁻₄ after filtration (ppm)				Percent removal efficiency (%)
Filter code	Mg²⁺	Ca²⁺	So ²⁻₄	Po ³⁻₄	Mg²⁺	Ca²⁺	So ²⁻₄	Po ³⁻₄	Mg²⁺	Ca²⁺	So ²⁻₄	Po ³⁻₄
1	19.75	56.25	46	5.4	13	39	8	2.2	34.18	30.1	82.6	59.3
2	19.75	56.25	46	5.4	9.5	28.5	6	2.6	51.89	49.3	86.96	51.9
3	19.75	56.25	46	5.4	5.6	16.8	2.5	0.5	71.65	70.1	94.6	90.7
4	19.75	56.25	46	5.4	11.5	34.5	12	0.52	41.77	38.7	73.9	90.4
5	19.75	56.25	46	5.4	7.8	23.55	4	0.69	60.51	58.1	91.3	87.2
6	19.75	56.25	46	5.4	4.6	13.87	1.5	2.40	76.71	75.3	96.7	55.6
7	19.75	56.25	46	5.4	10.5	30.5	7	0.84	46.84	45.8	84.8	84.4
8	19.75	56.25	46	5.4	6.6	20.2	3.4	1.4	66.58	64.1	92.6	74.1
9	19.75	56.25	46	5.4	3.75	11.2	1.2	0.40	81.01	80.1	97.4	92.6