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Global existence and convergence rates for the smooth solutions to the compressible magnetohydrodynamic equations in the half space
Environmental Systems Research volume 3, Article number: 20 (2014)
Abstract
Background
With the characteristics of low pollution and low energy consumption, the magnetohydrodynamics has made widely attention. This paper provides the standard energy method to solve the magnetohydrodynamic equations (MHD) in the half space . It proves the global existence for the compressible (MHD) by combining the careful a priori estimates and the local existence result. This study also considers the large time behaviors of the solutions.
Results
The interactions between the viscous, compressible fluid motion and the magnetic field are modeled by the magnetohydrodynamic system which describes the coupling between the compressible Navier-Stokes equations and the magnetic equations. This study has applied the analytical method to obtain the solutions to (MHD) in . It proves that under the assumption that the initial data are close to the constant state, the global existence of smooth solutions can be established. Moreover, the various decay rates of such solutions in Lp-norm with 2≤p≤+∞ and their derivatives in L2-norm can also be derived from combining the decay estimates of the linearized system and the energy method.
Conclusions
This study demonstrates that the global existence and the decay rates for the compressible (MHD) can be established under the similar initial assumptions as for the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. Especially, the results suggest that if the initial velocity is small, the velocity decays at a certain rate. This implies that only under the initial assumption that the data are large, it may reach the requirements of (MHD) power generation, which can be used to achieve the value of industrial application and environmental protection.
Background
Magnetohydrodynamics, which combines the environmental fluid mechanics and electrodynamics theories to study the interaction discipline between the conduction fluid and electromagnetic, is the theory of the macroscopic, and it has spanned a very large range of applications (Gerebeau et al. [2006]). Due to the lower environmental pollution, especially in energy industry, magnetohydrodynamic power generation is used to conserve energy and mitigate pollution in order to protect the environment. In virtue of the industrial importance and theoretical challenges, the study on (MHD) has attracted many scientists. In the present paper, we are interested in the well-posedness theory of (MHD). Many results concerning the existence and uniqueness of (weak, strong or smooth) solutions in one dimension can be found in (Chen and Wang [2002], [2003]; Kawashima and Okada [1982]) and the references cited therein. In multi-dimensional case the global existence of weak solutions for the bounded domains has been established recently in (Ducomet and Feireisl [2006]; Tan and Wang [2009]). The local unique strong solution has been obtained in (Fan and Yu [2009]). In (Chen and Tan [2010], [2012]) we established the global existence and decay rates of the smooth solutions for the Cauchy problem. However, many fundamental problems for the compressible (MHD) in the half space are still open. In this paper, we will extend our results (Chen and Tan [2010]) to the initial boundary problem in the half space.
Results
In this paper, we will consider the initial boundary value problem for the compressible magnetohydrodynamic equations (MHD) in the half space (cf. (Gerebeau et al. [2006])):
Here ρ,u=(u1,u2,u3),H=(H1,H2,H3) represent the density, velocity of the fluid and the magnetic field respectively. μ0>0 stands for permeability of free space, and σ>0 is the electric conductivity. The stress tensor P is given by
where p=p(ρ) is the pressure and the viscosity coefficients λ, μ satisfy
For convenience, we reformulate the system (1) as
in . Notice that we have normalized some physical constants to be unit but without reducing any essential difficulties for our analysis. We complement (2) the initial condition
and the following boundary conditions
or
where n=(0,0,−1) is the normal vector of . We assume that throughout the paper the initial boundary data satisfy certain compatibility conditions as usual in (Matsumura and Nishida [1983]).
Before stating out our results, we shall introduce some standard notations.
Notations. We denote by Lp, Wm, p the usual Lebesgue and Sobolev spaces on and Hm=Wm,2, with norms respectively. For the sake of conciseness, we do not precise in functional space names when they are concerned with scalar-valued or vector-valued functions. We denote ∇=∂ x =(∂1,∂2,∂3)t, where , and put for l=1,2,3,⋯. We assume that C be a positive generic constant throughout this paper that may vary at different places and the integration domain will be always omitted without any ambiguity. Now our main results can be formulated as the following theorems. Firstly we state the results on the global existence and uniqueness of smooth solutions as:
Theorem 1.
Assume that the initial data are close enough to the constant state with , i.e., there exists a constant δ0 such that
Then there exists a unique globally smooth solution (ρ,u,H) of the initial boundary problem (2)–(4) or (2), (3) and (5) such that for any t∈[ 0,∞), it holds
Remark 1.
We will only prove Theorem 1 under the boundary condition (4). Due to the special geometry of the boundary of the half space, a simple calculation shows that the boundary conditions on H in (5) are equivalent to the following Dirichlet-Neumann boundary conditions:
Hence to treat H1,H2 as in (Matsumura and Nishida [1983]), we can also prove Theorem 1 under the boundary conditions (5) in the similar way as we will proceed.
By imposing some additional conditions on the initial data we will establish the following various decay rates of the solutions obtained in Theorem 1:
Theorem 2.
Let (ρ,u, H) be the solution obtained in Theorem 1 and assume in addition that the initial data and there exists δ1>0 such that
then for all t≥0, it holds that
and
where is some positive number.
Moreover, if the data satisfy and there exists δ2>0 such that
then
for all t≥0, where is a positive number. In fact, it holds
for all t≥0.
We will prove the global existence of smooth solutions by the standard energy method in spirit of (Matsumura and Nishida [1983], [1979], [1980]). And we remark that we can also obtain the global existence of strong solutions for the small initial data in the H2-framework, which can be proved in the similar way. On the other hand, the L2- L∞ decay rates for the smooth solutions and the L2 decay rates for the derivatives of first order are optimal since (9)–(10) concerning and H are the same as the optimal decay rates for the compressible Navier-Stokes equations (Kagei and Kobayashi [2005]) and the heat equation respectively. Related convergence rates of solutions for the Navier-Stokes equations on the unbounded domain can be found in (Kobayashi [2002]; Kobayashi and Shibata [1999]; Matsumura and Nishida [1979]) and the references cited therein. Although our proofs are in spirit of those for the Navier-Stokes equations, (Kagei and Kobayashi [2005]; Kobayashi [2002]; Kobayashi and Shibata [1999]; Matsumura and Nishida [1979], [1980]), we should derive the new estimates arising from the presence of the magnetic field and overcome the strong coupling between the mass, momentum equations and magnetic equation. However, it is easy to obtain the optimal decay rates of H and its first derivatives by the properties of heat kernel. Indeed, we can rewrite the equation (19) 3 analogously to the form of (19) 1–(19) 2, i.e.,
Thus, we can get the estimates of (0, H) which are similar to (ϱ,v) in the system (19) 1–(19) 2. Moreover, we will get the better decay rate of the magnetic field by the elliptic system.
Discussion
As well known, the heavy emissions of Greenhouse gases, such as C O2, C H4, N2O, S F6 cause global warming, and also result in a great deal of harm to the environment. It has been a hot topic and widespread concern to study on how to strictly control the greenhouse gases emissions. In order to profoundly reduce the environment pollution, we must focus on energy structure adjustment. Without any course of mechanical motion, Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) power generation technology, also called plasma power generation technology, transforms thermal energy and kinetic energy directly into electricity. Thus by applying (MHD) power generation technology, we can realize the desulphuriz and reduce the production of N O x effectively, so as to achieve the effect of high efficiency and low pollution.
To complete the (MHD) generation process, which is of high industrial application value, a conductive gas (plasma) will be directed through a magnetic field with a large velocity, under a high temperature condition. In this situation, how to control the initial velocity of the conductive gas has to be considered. From the results in Section Results, we can conclude that if we assume that the initial data are close enough to the constant state, then there exists a unique globally solution to the (MHD) system and the solution decays at some rates. This indicates that if the initial velocity is sufficiently small, although the solution to the (MHD) system exists globally, then the velocity will decays and never be large, which implies that it may never reach the requirements of (MHD) power generation. However, the problem of the global existence of the solutions with the large initial data is still open.
Conclusions
In this paper, we demonstrate that the global existence and the decay rates for the compressible (MHD) in can be established under the similar initial assumptions as for the compressible Navier-Stokes equations which can be seen in (Matsumura and Nishida [1983]). It implies that the magnetic field does not affect the decay rates of the velocity. Indeed, the results (9)–(13) in Theorem 2 suggest that the decay rates for the derivatives of the magnetic field are the same as the velocity’s. And in (14), we cannot get the estimates for but . Furthermore, the results suggest that if the initial velocity is small, the velocity decays at the optimal rate. This implies that it may never reach the requirements of (MHD) power generation unless giving the gas an large initial velocity.
Methods
Proof of theorem 1
In this section, we will prove the existence part of Theorem 1 and the uniqueness is standard so it will be omitted.
Some elementary inequalities
The first bright idea to reduce many complicated computations lies in that we just need to do the lowest-order and highest-order energy estimates for the solutions. This is motivated by the following observation:
The inequality (15) can be easily proved by combing Young’s inequality and Gagliardo-Nirenberg’s inequality
where with i≤k. Indeed (16) can be proved by the extension technique together with Gagliardo-Nirenberg’s inequality in the whole space. We can obtain the following useful inequality by Hölder inequality and (16):
and the general form of (3) can be deduced directly in the following:
The linearized system
We will linearize the problem (2)–(4) as follows. Setting and introducing new variables by
Hence the initial boundary value problem (2)–(4) can be reformulated as
where
and
In order to state our results more concisely, we define an energy functional as:
and change the condition of the initial data (6) as
Local and global existence
We will finish the proof of Theorem 1 in this subsection. First we state out the local existence without proof, since it can be proved in a standard way (Matsumura and Nishida [1980]) or can be found in (Ströhmer [1990], Vol’pert and Hudjaev [1972]):
Theorem 3.
(local existence) Under the assumption (23), there exists a positive constant T such that the initial boundary value problem (19) has a unique solution (ϱ,v,H) which is continuous in together with its derivatives of first order in t and of second order in x. Moreover, there exists a constant C1>1 such that it holds N(0,t)≤C1N(0,0), for any t∈[ 0,T].
We will prove in this subsection the following a priori estimate:
Theorem 4.
(a priori estimate) There exists a constant δ≪1 such that if N(0,T)≤δ, then there exists a constant C2>1 such that N(0,T)≤C2N(0,0).
The global existence of smooth solutions will be proved via a continued argument by combining the local existence theorem and the a priori estimate theorem. We shall state the global existence of smooth solutions to the linearized problem (19) as follows.
Proposition 3.1.
(global existence) Under the assumptions of Theorem 1, the initial boundary value problem (19) has a unique global solution such that for t∈[ 0,∞), it holds N(0,t)≤C N(0,0). Thus (ρ,u,H) which satisfies (4) uniquely solves the initial boundary value problem (2)–(4) for all time.
Proof.
See in (Chen and Tan [2010]). □
A priori estimates
We observe that the a priori assumption in Theorem 4 and the embedding inequality together with the continuity equation (19) 1 imply
In particular
In the sequel, we will always use the smallness assumption of δ and (24)–(25).
Next we shall do some preparatory work from Lemma 3.1 to Lemma 3.7. Firstly, we regard the equations (19) 2–(19) 3 as the elliptic system with respect to x variables, i.e.,
Thus we have the following estimates which we can found in (Cho et al. [2004]):
Lemma 3.1.
Under the assumptions of Theorem 4, we have for k=2,3,4 that
and
Next we derive the following stokes equation from the equations (19) 1–(19) 2:
We have the following estimates which can be found in (Galdi et al. [1994]):
Lemma 3.2.
Under the assumptions of Theorem 4, we have for k=2,3,4 that
Next we shall do the estimates for the terms contained in N(0,t).
Lemma 3.3.
Under the assumptions of Theorem 4, we have that
and
Proof.
By multiplying the equations (19) 1–(19) 3 by ϱ, v and H respectively, integrating over and adding the resulting equations, we have
We shall estimate the terms in the right-hand side term by term as:
where Hölder’s inequality and Sobolev’s inequality are used. Thus by integrating the above inequality in time and the definition of N(0,t), we have got (30).
Similarly, by taking ∂ t to (19) 1–(19) 3, multiplying by ϱ t , v t and H t respectively and integrating the resulting inequalities, we obtain
Thus we have to estimate the terms in the right-hand side of the above inequality.
where we can get the L2-norm estimates of ϱ t , ∂ x ϱ t , v t , and ∂ x v t with the aid of the equation (19) 1–(19) 2 and (24). Similarly we have that
and
Together with these inequalities, we can deduce the inequality (31). Hence the proof of Lemma 3.3 is complete. □
Next we estimate the L2-norm of the first derivatives of v and H.
Lemma 3.4.
Under the assumptions of Theorem 4, we have
and
Proof.
By multiplying ϱ t , v t and H t to the equations (19) 1–(19) 3 respectively, integrating over and adding the resulting equations, we have
Since
and
thus by integrating (34) in time and with the aid of the smallness of ε and Cauchy’s inequality, we obtain
which together with (30) yields (32). And we can also get (33) in the similar way. The proof of Lemma 3.4 is complete. □
Next we estimate the L2-Norms of the first derivatives of ϱ. We shall divide the estimates into two parts. Firstly we denote the tangential derivatives by ∂=(∂1,∂2). And it is easy to see that the tangential derivatives of the solution of (19) satisfy the same boundary conditions in (19).
By taking ∂ to the equations (19) 1–(19) 2 and multiplying them with ∂ ϱ and ∂ v respectively, we can deduce that
Define the material derivative . Then by the continuity equation (19) 1 and the formula of variable substitution (18), we have
where . By taking ∂ to the equation (36), we can obtain the following inequality:
then by multiplying a small enough constant α to it, together with (35), and integrating in time, we have
Similarly, we can obtain the following lemma and we omit the proof of it.
Lemma 3.5.
Under the assumptions of Theorem 4, we have for k = 1, 2, 3 that
Next we have to obtain the estimates for the normal derivatives of solution. We can derive the following equations from (19) 1–(19) 2.
where . To eliminate the term ∂33v3, we have the following equality from the above equalities
And we can also derive the following equality from (36)
By multiplying (38) with ∂3ϱ and integrating on , we have
then integrating this in time, it implies
Similarly, by multiplying to (39) and integrating it, we have
This together with (41) yields
Similarly, by taking to (38) and (39), multiplying with and respectively, we will get the general form of (42) as follows:
Lemma 3.6.
Under the assumptions of Theorem 4, we have for k+l=0,1,2 that
Proof.
Here we only to prove the case when k+l=2. As in (42), we can obtain
By (17), we have
Similarly,
Moreover, by using the identity
and integration by parts, we shall obtain
Substituting these inequalities into (44), we get (43). □
Last by taking to (28), and by Lemma 3.2, we have
Lemma 3.7.
Under the assumptions of Theorem 4, we have for k+l=0,1,2 that
Now we will finish the proof of Theorem 4 by doing the estimates for the lowest-order and highest-order derivatives. In the sequel, we divide the a priori estimates into three parts.
Part 1: estimates for the lowest derivatives of ϱ,v,H
Proposition 3.2.
Under the assumptions of Theorem 4, we have
Proof.
Due to (30), we have only to estimate . First by Lemma 3.5, k=0,1, we have
And by (42), we have
Thus (47)–(48) together with (32) implies
By Lemma 3.4, k=l=0, and integrating in time, we obtain
This combining with (49) and (32), yields the estimate for . □
Part 2: estimates for the highest derivatives of ϱ,v,H
Proposition 3.3.
Under the assumptions of Theorem 4, we have
Proof.
We divide the proof into three steps as follows.
i) By Lemma 2.8, k=3 and Lemma 2.9, k=2,l=0, we have
where we get the last inequality as in the proof of Lemma 3.6. By Lemma 3.7, k=2,l=0, we have
This together with (51) yields
By Lemma 3.6, k=l=1, and (52), we have
Then by Lemma 3.7, k=l=1, and with the help of (15), (31) and (47), we have
which together with (53) yields
By Lemma 3.6, k=0,l=2, and by (54), we have
Thus by Lemma 3.7, k=0,l=2, we have
together it with (55), then we have got
i i) By Lemma 3.1, k=3, we have
which together with (30)–(33), (46) and (56) implies
i i i) By Lemma 3.1, k=4, we have
this together with (56) and (58), then it implies
We can derive from Lemma 3.1 that
Here with the help of (19) 1, we have
where the terms in the right-hand side can be absorbed by (46) and (59). Thus by (30)–(33), we obtain
which together with (59) implies (50). □
Part 3: ConclusionCombining the inequalities in Proposition 3.2 and Proposition 3.3, it yields
Thanks to (15), we can obtain that the left-hand side of (60) is equivalent to N(0,t)2. Thus by the smallness of δ, it finished the proof of Theorem 4. □
Proof of Theorem 2
In this section we shall prove the decay rates of the solution obtained in Theorem 1 to finish the proof of Theorem 2.
Some elementary decay-in-time estimates
We shall consider the convergence rates of the solution (ϱ,v,H) for the linearized problem (19). To use the Lp- Lq estimates of the linear problem for the nonlinear problem (19) 1–(19) 2, we rewrite the solution of (19) 1–(19) 2 as
where we have used the notations
and the fact that E(t) is the solution semigroup defined by E(t)=e−tA, t≥0, with A being a matrix-valued differential operator given by
The semigroup E(t) has the following decay-in-time properties which can be found in (Kagei and Kobayashi [2005]; Kobayashi [2002]).
Lemma 3.8.
There exist positive constants C and C0 such that for any t≥1 and l=1,2, we havei)
and
ii)
Lemma 3.9.
For any , k≥0, the following inequalities hold uniformly in 0<t≤1,
and
for some . Here |·|X∩Y=|·| X +|·| Y .
To treat the magnetic field, we notice that the solution to the heat equation (19) 3 has the following convergence estimates which one can refer to (Kagei and Kobayashi [2005]; Kobayashi [2002]).
Lemma 3.10.
For the solution H to the heat equation (19) 3 with the initial data H(x,0)=H0 and the boundary condition , there exists a constant C such that
and
for any t≥1, 2≤q≤+∞.
Convergence rates of the lower-order derivatives
Proposition 3.4.
Let s≥3. Under the assumptions of Proposition 3.1, if there exists such that the initial data (ϱ0,v0,H0)∈Hs∩L1 and
then the solution (ϱ,v,H) of (19) satisfies
and
as t→∞.
Proof.
We firstly estimate the L2-estimate of the solution and its derivatives in Proposition 3.4. For simplicity, we shall introduce some notation in the sequel. Set
We will show that
where t≥0. Thus we can derive the L2 estimates in Proposition 3.4 from (73) by using a standard method under assumption of the smallness of initial data.
Now we shall consider the L2 estimates of U(t) and H(t) respectively. Thanks to Proposition 3.1, we only have to show the decay rate part of Proposition 3.4 for the case t≥1. Thus we assume that t≥1 and decompose U(t) as
By Lemma 3.8, we have
□
Lemma 3.11.
Under the assumptions of Proposition 3.4, the following inequalities hold for all t≥0,
and
Proof.
Since by (16) and (17), we have
and
together with these inequalities, we can easily get (76). Moreover, (77) follows from
and
□
Now we have to estimate I1(t) and I2(t). For l=0,1, and by Lemma 3.9 and Lemma 3.11, we have
where the last inequality is obtained by taking l=1 and l=2 respectively.
For I2(t), we can derive from Lemma 3.8 and Lemma 3.9 that
Now we turn to do the estimates for H(t). By (71) in Lemma 3.10, we can deduce that
and similarly by (72), we have
Combining these with (75), (78) and (79), it implies (73).
Now we shall do the L∞ estimate. Define
and
By Lemma 3.8, we have
To estimate I1(t) and I2(t), we state the following estimates for S1 and S2.
Lemma 3.12.
Under the assumptions of Proposition 3.4, there exists a sufficiently small constant such that for any , the following inequalities hold uniformly in t≥0.i)
and
ii)
and
here we define
Proof.
For l=0,1,2, we have
and for l=0,1, we have
Then we get (81). Similarly,
and
Thus we obtain (82). We shall get the inequalities in i i) in the similar way. Here we only estimate and as follows.
and
□
By Lemma 3.9 and (81), we have
As for I2, we can deduce from Lemma 3.8 that
At last, we have to estimate to finish the L∞ estimate. By Lemma 3.3, For q=∞, we have
where we have used
which is in the proof of Lemma 3.12, and
Thus, (80) and (85)–(87) imply
This together with (73), the estimate of in Proposition 3.5 in the next subsection, it yields the L∞-estimate in Proposition 3.4. Hence by interpolation, we get the Lp-estimate for 2≤p≤∞. The proof of Proposition 3.4 is complete. □
Convergence rates of the higher-order derivatives
Now we shall do the estimates for the higher-order derivatives to finish the proof of Theorem 2.
Proposition 3.5.
There exists a positive number such that under the assumptions of Proposition 3.4, the solution (ϱ,v,H) of (19) satisfies
for all t≥0.
Set
and
where S=(S1,S2,S3)T and V=(ϱ,v,H)T. As in the proof of (11.6) in (Kagei and Kobayashi [2005]), we have the following inequality in the similar way:
Lemma 3.13.
Under the assumptions of Proposition 3.4, the following inequality holds uniformly in t≥0 and for ,
Proof.
Here we only estimate the magnetic field. We shall show that,
Then we estimate these as follows:
i) Taking to (19) 3, multiplying , and integrating on , it implies
Integrating this from 0 to t yields
for 2j≤s.
i i) Taking to (19) 3, multiplying , and integrating on , it holds
By integrating this from 0 to t, we get
for 2j+1≤s.
i i i) Due to Lemma 3.7, we have
and
for k+2j+1≤s.
By Cauchy inequality and , we have (1+t)2σ−1≤C(α)+α(1+t)2σ,∀α>0. This combining with (90)–(91), we get
Multiplying (92) and (93) for k=0,1 with a sufficiently positive number β, and combining with (94), it yields
For k≥2, the first term in the right-hand side of (92) and (93) can be absorbed by the left-hand side of (92) and (93) for k=k−2. Thus together with (95), we get (89). □
In the proof of Subsubsection A priori estimates, we can obtain that . Combining this with Proposition 3.4, we can derive from Lemma 3.13, for that
here , as . Hence it remains to estimate . We shall show that
Thus Proposition 3.5 follows. Since the other terms can be estimated in the similar way or we can see in (Kagei and Kobayashi [2005], here we only estimate with k=s−2j and s≥3 as
In virtue of (17) and its general form, and with the help of the smallness assumption in Proposition 3.4, we have
i) While j=0,
i i) While ,
where , c is a nonzero integer and m=m(j1,j2,⋯,jk−2) is some positive integer. And the last inequality in i i) can be derived from the continuous equation (19) 1 and the smallness assumption of initial data. This together with the definition of , and , it implies
□
Now we shall finish the proof of the last part of Theorem 2.
Proposition 3.6.
Let s≥4. Under the assumptions of Proposition 3.5, if there exists a positive constants δ2 such that , then we have
for all t≥0, where is some positive number.
In order to prove Proposition 3.6, we first set
and
As in the proof of Lemma 3.13 or we can see in (Kagei and Kobayashi [2005]), the following inequality can be easily deduced:
Lemma 3.14.
Let s≥2. Then under the assumptions of Proposition 3.5, the following inequalities hold uniformly in t≥0,
And we estimate as:
Lemma 3.15.
Let s≥2. Then under the assumptions of Proposition 3.5, the following inequalities hold uniformly in t≥0,
Proof.
Set . Here we only consider s≥4 since the case while 2≤s<4 can be deduced more easily. Thus we will estimate J1- J10 term by term.
And this holds similarly for J5,J6. For the terms J3, J4 and J7, we only estimate contained in J3. The estimates of the other terms can arrive in the similar way.
For J8- J10, we only estimate the term as
which finished the proof of Lemma 3.15. □
By virtue of Lemma 3.14 and Lemma 3.15, it remains to estimate to finish the proof of Proposition 3.6.
Lemma 3.16.
Let s≥4. Then under the assumptions of Lemma 3.13, the following inequalities hold uniformly in t≥0,
Proof.
By Lemma 3.8 i i), we have
for t≥1 and l=0,1. Now we shall estimate . Since
then by Lemma 3.9 and Lemma 3.12, we have
Similarly, we can get
Thus by Lemma 3.8, Lemma 3.11 and Lemma 3.12,
It then follows that
This together with the magnetic term which can be treated in the similar way, one has
Next we estimate and . For k=1,2, we see from Lemma 3.8 that
And by Lemma 3.9 and Lemma 3.12,
By Lemma 3.8 and Lemma 3.12,
Combining these with the magnetic term which has the similar estimates, it yields
for k=1,2.
Next, we consider . From the equation (19) 2, we have
Thus by (100) and (101), it follows that
Similarly by (19) 1–(19) 2, we have
Differentiating this in x3, multiplying to the result equation, and integrating on , we have
Thus by Gronwall’s inequality, and with the help of Lemma 3.12, and (87)–(89), we obtain
this together with (101) and (102), we get the estimate of . Hence it remains to estimate . By Lemma 2.4 and (100), we have
Combining this with the above estimates, Lemma 3.16 follows. □
As in (103), we can deduce the decay rates of higher order derivatives for the magnetic field by Lemma 3.8, Lemma 3.16 and (100). Thus we state the result which is better than one in Proposition 3.6 in the following:
Proposition 3.7.
Under the assumptions of Proposition 3.6, the solution H of (19) 3 satisfies that for all t≥0,
In view of the above established, the proof of Theorem 2 is complete.
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Acknowledgements
Q. Chen’s research is supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China-NSAF (Nos. 11226174, 11301439). Z. Tan’s research is supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China-NSAF (No. 11271305).
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Chen, Q., Tan, Z. Global existence and convergence rates for the smooth solutions to the compressible magnetohydrodynamic equations in the half space. Environ Syst Res 3, 20 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40068-014-0020-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40068-014-0020-z