Table 5 Performance evaluation of bias correction methods

1

Coefficient of variation

\(CV=\frac{\delta R}{\overline{R} }\)

Moriasi et al. (2007)

2

Percentage of bias

\({P}_{Bias}=\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n}(Gi-Si)}{\sum_{i=1}^{n}Gi}\)

Fang et al. (2015)

3

Mean absolute error

\({\text{MAE}}=\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n}\left|Si-Gi\right|}{n}\)

Zhang et al. (2013)

4

Root mean square error

\({\text{RMSE}}=\sqrt{\frac{\sum {\left({S}_{i}-Gi\right)}^{2}}{n}}\)

5

Coefficient of determination

\({R}^{2}={\left\lceil\frac{\sum \left({{\text{G}}}_{{\text{i}}}-\overline{{{\text{G}}}_{{\text{i}}}}\right)*({{\text{S}}}_{{\text{i}}}-\overline{{{\text{S}}}_{{\text{i}}}})}{\sqrt{\sum {\left({{\text{G}}}_{{\text{i}}}-\overline{{{\text{G}}}_{{\text{i}}}}\right)}^{2}}*{\left({\text{S}}-\overline{{{\text{S}}}_{{\text{i}}}}\right)}^{2}} \right\rceil}^{2}\)

Zhang et al. (2013), Dibaba et al. (2019)