Table 2 Risk assessment parameters and associated reference values for calculating cancer and non-cancer health risk of PM_1.0, PM_2.5, and PM₁₀ in Khulna city airshed

 < 1

1 to < 2

2 to < 3

3 to < 6

6 to < 11

11 to < 16

16 to < 21

21 to < 61

61 to < 71

 > 71

(USEPA 2011)

Inhalation rate

IR

m³/day

8

8.9

10.1

12

15.2

16.3

15.7

16

14.2

12.9

(USEPA, 2005, 2011; Yunesian et al. 2019)

Body weight

BW

Kg

9.2

11.4

13.8

18.6

31.8

56.8

71.6

80

80

80

(USEPA, 2005, 2011)

Exposure frequency

EF

Day/year

365

365

365

365

365

365

365

365

365

365

(Sakunkoo et al. 2022; USEPA 2011)

Exposure duration

ED

Year

1

1

1

3

5

5

5

49

49

49

(USEPA 2011; Yunesian et al. 2019)

Reference concentration

RfC

µg/m³

15 for PM_2.5 and 50 for PM₁₀

(Rana. et al. 2018)

Inhalation unit risk

IUR (PM_2.5)

µg/m³

0.008 for PM_2.5

(Mbazima 2022; Yunesian et al. 2019)