Fig. 1

Abundance of D. magna across the Nutrients-only treatment (error bars indicate standard error of mean). Nutrient-only treatment with low (0.233 mmol L⁻¹ nitrogen and 0.026 mmol L⁻¹ phosphorus), moderately low (0.467 mmol L⁻¹ nitrogen and 0.053 mmol L⁻¹ phosphorus), moderately high (0.7 mmol L⁻¹ nitrogen and 0.079 mmol L⁻¹ phosphorus) and high (0.933 mmol L⁻¹ nitrogen and 0.105 mmol L⁻¹ phosphorus) concentrations