Table 7 economic features (source: authors)
Theme | 1- Efficient |
Explanation | Qanat is an efficient water supply system as it operates without the use of electricity, diesel, petroleum products, pumps, spare parts, or mechanical lifts. Furthermore, it excavates water with the lowest amount of evaporation only by gravity. In addition, the cost of maintaining the Qanat is less than one percent of its construction capital. Most published articles have mentioned this feature of Qanat in the introduction |
Sources | Sedghi and Zahn 2022; Kowkabi 2021; Delfani et al. 2021; Naghedifar et al. 2020; Stiros 2006; Becket and Smith 1953; Endreny 2008; Hosseini et al. 2010; Jomehpour 2009; Beaumont 1971; Nasiri and Mafakheri 2015; Charbonnier and Hopper 2018; Radaei et al. 2021; Tabatabaei and Khozeymehnezhad 2019; Tabatabaei and Khozeymehnezhad 2019; Nadri and Abassi 2017 |
Theme | 2- Property |
Explanation | The Qanat has been regarded as an important economic resource in the past, and the Karizi civilization has unique economic characteristics. Farms irrigated by Qanat have played a pivotal role in Iran's economic and social prosperity. In addition, the water share of the Qanat is considered an asset that can be rented, bought, and transferred. It seems that participation in the construction of the Qanat was a form of investment even for people who are not active in the field of agriculture |
Sources | Kowkabi 2021; Lightfoot 1996; Colonel and Noel 1944; Jomehpour 2009; Hosseini et al. 2010; Remini, Achour, and Albergel 2015; Labbaf Khaneiki 2020, 2019, 2016; Tabatabaei and Khozeymehnezhad 2019; Bouzarjomehri and Khatami 2018; Ebizadeh 2011 |
Theme | 3- Related Businesses |
Explanation | Moghni" is one of the most important jobs related to Qanat. Due to the necessity of their profession, Moghni has enjoyed social respect and high income. In the process of building a Qanat, many jobs are involved, including carpenters, stone cutters, potters, bucket makers, brewers, leather makers, blacksmiths, pick and hammer workers, pen makers, coil makers, hemp rope makers, and oilers. Additionally, roles have been defined in the Qanat exploitation system, where some work in exchange for receiving a larger share of water or cash from all partners in the irrigation system. These roles include Mirab, Sartaq, Qanat watchtower, Dashtban (Joghun or Juban), and Pey Oken |
Sources | Labbaf Khaneiki 2020, 2019; Goes et al. 2017; Papoli Yazdi and Vosoghi 2019; Janebelahi 2019 |