Toxicological response and bioaccumulation of strontium in Festuca rubra L. (red fescue) and Trifolium pratense L. (red clover) in contaminated soil microcosms

Srikhumsuk, Phatchani; Peshkur, Tatyana; Renshaw, Joanna C.; Knapp, Charles W.

doi:10.1186/s40068-023-00297-5

Environmental Systems Research

Table 4 Biometric measurements of freshly harvested F. rubra and T. pratense grown in different concentrations of SrCl₂ and exposure timings at week 10

From: Toxicological response and bioaccumulation of strontium in Festuca rubra L. (red fescue) and Trifolium pratense L. (red clover) in contaminated soil microcosms

Treated Soil	Conc Sr²⁺	Root length	Root weight	Shoot height	Shoot weight	# Leaves	# Nodules
Treated Soil	(mM)	(cm.plant^− 1)	(mg.plant^− 1)	(cm.plant^− 1)	(mg.plant^− 1)	(plant^− 1)
F. rubra
Pre-GEx	0	10.7^a ± 0.8	0.21^a*±0.03	36.4^a*±1.6	0.54^a*±0.06	20.7^a*±1.6	NA
	5	10.7^a ± 1.9	0.11^b*±0.04	31.3^a,b*±2.6	0.23^b*±0.05	11.0^b*±1.4	NA
	10	12.4^a ± 1.0	0.17^a,b*±0.03	29.4^b*±1.6	0.30^b*±0.05	15.3^a,b*±3.2	NA
	20	10.6^a ± 1.1	0.12^b*±0.02	31.3^a,b*±1.4	0.26^b*±0.03	12.8^b*±1.1	NA
	40	8.60^a ± 1.5	0.09^b*±0.02	26.2^b*±4.4	0.21^b*±0.04	14.3^b*±3.0	NA
Post-GEx	0	10.7^a,b±0.8	0.21^b ± 0.03	36.4^a ± 1.6	0.54^a ± 0.06	20.7^a,b±1.6	NA
	5	8.55^b ± 0.9	0.31^a ± 0.05	31.8^a ± 0.8	0.48^a ± 0.07	21.7^a,b±2.0	NA
	10	8.25^b ± 0.4	0.22^a,b±0.03	31.3^a ± 1.5	0.42^a ± 0.07	19.3^a,b±2.3	NA
	20	12.2^a ± 1.3	0.23^a,b±0.02	31.7^a ± 2.6	0.51^a ± 0.03	24.3^a ± 3.8	NA
	40	9.03^a,b±0.8	0.16^b ± 0.02	37.0^a ± 1.3	0.50^a ± 0.05	15.7^b ± 2.0	NA
Com-GEx	0	10.7^a ± 0.8	0.21^a*±0.03	36.4^a*±1.6	0.54^a ± 0.06	20.7^a,b±1.6	NA
	5	9.75^a,b±0.9	0.30^a*±0.10	35.3^a*±1.8	0.57^a ± 0.11	23.7^a,b±5.5	NA
	10	7.17^b ± 0.8	0.19^a,b*±0.05	31.2^a*±1.5	0.46^a ± 0.13	23.7^a,b±5.7	NA
	20	8.67^a,b±1.4	0.38^a*±0.13	32.2^a*±0.6	0.72^a ± 0.27	28.2^a ± 9.7	NA
	40	7.70^a,b±2.5	0.03^b*±0.01	20.4^b*±4.8	0.13^b ± 0.04	9.83^b ± 2.1	NA
T. pratense
Pre-GEx	0	12.0^a ± 1.2	0.40^a ± 0.06	24.1^a ± 1.5	1.99^b*±0.17	9.67^b*±0.4	50.0^a ± 7.6
	5	11.0^a ± 0.8	0.53^a ± 0.07	21.5^a ± 0.8	2.90^a*±0.21	12.0^a*±0.7	49.3^a ± 4.9
	10	11.8^a ± 1.3	0.57^a ± 0.09	22.2^a ± 1.3	2.48^a,b*±0.38	11.7^a,b*±1.4	49.3^a ± 4.4
	20	10.0^a ± 0.6	0.45^a ± 0.09	22.3^a ± 1.7	2.78^a*±0.27	12.0^a*±1.0	38.2^a ± 4.4
	40	10.3^a ± 1.2	0.36^a ± 0.10	22.7^a ± 1.4	2.11^a,b*±0.34	9.33^b*±0.8	37.8^a ± 7.8
Post-GEx	0	12.0^a ± 1.2	0.40^c*±0.06	24.1^a ± 1.5	1.99^b ± 0.17	9.67^a,b±0.4	50.0^a ± 7.6
	5	8.25^a ± 1.8	0.42^b,c*±0.09	24.2^a ± 5.1	2.34^a,b±0.57	7.67^b ± 1.6	47.8^a,b±11.6
	10	12.9^a ± 1.2	0.79^a*±0.15	25.1^a ± 3.2	3.11^a ± 0.37	12.0^a ± 1.7	41.2^a,b±5.6
	20	12.9^a ± 1.7	0.70^a,b*±0.07	23.2^a,b±1.5	3.02^a ± 0.16	10.7^a,b±1.0	46.2^a,b±5.1
	40	9.17^a ± 3.4	0.42^b,c*±0.18	14.4^b ± 4.7	1.94^a,b±0.77	7.33^b ± 2.9	23.5^b ± 8.8
Com-GEx	0	12.0^a*±1.2	0.40^a ± 0.06	24.1^a*±1.5	1.99^a,b±0.17	9.67^a,b*±0.4	50.0^a*±7.6
	5	9.92^a,b*±1.1	0.42^a ± 0.17	19.9^a,b*±1.3	2.14^a,b±0.57	11.3^a*±1.9	39.8^a,b*±10.5
	10	9.50^a,b*±0.6	0.55^a ± 0.17	20.3^a,b*±3.6	2.57^a ± 0.33	12.7^a*±1.8	34.8^a,b*±8.2
	20	6.58^b*±2.3	0.30^a ± 0.12	13.3^b*±4.6	1.49^a,b±0.63	6.33^c*±2.3	13.5^b*±7.0
	40	7.00^b*±0.4	0.46^a ± 0.11	12.7^b*±1.8	1.06^b ± 0.24	7.0^b,c*±1.1	12.2^b*±4.1

Mean values (± S.E.) (Samples n = 6, Control n = 18); significant differences were denoted by a different letter based on LSD post-hoc test similarities, NA = not available, Pre-GEx = pre-germination exposure, Post-GEx = post-germination exposure and Com-GEx = combined-germination exposure, * = statistically different at p ≤ 0.05 (one-way ANOVA)

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