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Table 2 AV market penetration rates

From: Modeling the potential impacts of automated vehicles on pollutant emissions under different scenarios of a test track

No

Scenarios

The ratio of legacy vehicles (%)

Automated vehicles

Level 1 (%)

Level 2 (%)

Level 3 (%)

Level 4 (%)

Level 5 (%)

1

Base

100

0

0

0

0

0

2

25% penetration

75

15

5

5

0

0

3

50% penetration

50

25

10

10

5

0

4

75% penetration

25

25

20

15

10

5

5

100% penetration

0

15

20

20

25

20

6

Upper bound

0

0

0

0

0

100