Environmental Systems Research

Table 6 The summary of LULC transformation matrixes in the watershed categorically for each of the study periods

From: Land use/cover spatiotemporal dynamics, driving forces and implications at the Beshillo catchment of the Blue Nile Basin, North Eastern Highlands of Ethiopia

To 1986
From 1973	Afro/sub Alpine veg	Bare lands	Farmlands/settlements	Grasslands	Shrub lands	Water courses/beds	Woodlands/plantations	Grand total	Gross loss	change from 1973 (ha)	% of change	Annual rate of change (%)
Afro/sub Alpine veg	4496	0	0	216	15	0	11	4738	242	− 79	− 1.7	− 0.03
Bare lands	1	140	0	0	218	8	30	397	257	28	7.1	0.01
Farmlands/settlements	93	120	10,066	550	980	0	220	12,029	1963	− 1789	− 14.9	− 0.57
Grasslands	67	26	76	3626	100	0	22	3917	291	553	14.1	0.18
Shrublands	2	120	82	66	1467	10	845	2592	1125	332	12.8	0.11
Water courses/beds	0	11	0	0	39	73	0	123	50	− 28	− 22.8	− 0.01
Woodlands/plantations	0	8	16	12	105	4	29	174	145	983	564.9	0.32
Grand total	4659	425	10,240	4470	2924	95	1157	23,970
Gross gain	163	285	174	844	1457	22	1128

To 2001
From 1986	Afro/sub Alpine veg	Bare lands	Farmlands/settlements	Grasslands	Shrub lands	Water courses/beds	Woodlands/plantations	Grand total	Gross loss	change from 1986 (ha)	% of change	Annual rate of change (%)
Afro/sub Alpine veg	4475	0	144	15	25	0	0	4659	184	− 96	− 2.1	− 0.03
Bare lands	0	320	0	5	97	3	0	425	105	95	22.4	0.03
Farmlands/settlements	48	0	9845	4	337	6	0	10,240	395	1361	13.3	0.44
Grasslands	40	0	1050	3049	288	2	41	4470	1421	− 1380	− 30.9	− 0.44
Shrublands	0	200	57	7	2305	14	341	2924	619	624	21.3	0.20
Water courses/beds	0	0	0	0	21	74	0	95	21	6	6.3	0.00
Woodlands/plantations	0	0	505	10	475	2	165	1157	992	− 610	− 52.7	− 0.20
Grand total	4563	520	11,601	3090	3548	101	547	23,970
Gross gain	88	200	1756	41	1243	27	382

To 2017
From 2001	Afro/sub Alpine veg	Bare lands	Farmlands/settlements	Grasslands	Shrub lands	Water courses/beds	Woodlands/plantations	Grand total	Gross loss	change from 2001 (ha)	% of change	Annual rate of change (%)
Afro/sub Alpine veg	3308	0	1173	77	5	0	0	4563	1255	− 1050	− 23.0	− 0.34
Bare lands	0	517	0	0	3	0	0	520	3	93	17.9	0.03
Farmlands/settlements	4	0	10,706	0	891	0	0	11,601	895	1214	10.5	0.39
Grasslands	200	1	40	2817	24	0	8	3090	273	− 50	− 1.6	− 0.02
Shrublands	1	1	807	106	2000	0	633	3548	1548	− 538	− 15.2	− 0.17
Water courses/beds	0	0	0	0	10	91	0	101	10	− 10	− 9.9	0.00
Woodlands/plantations	0	94	89	40	77	0	247	547	300	341	62.3	0.11
Grand total	3513	613	12,815	3040	3010	91	888	23,970
Gross gain	205	96	2109	223	1010	0	641

To 2017
From 1973	Afro/sub Alpine veg	Bare lands	Farmlands/settlements	Grasslands	Shrub lands	Water courses/beds	Woodlands/plantations	Grand total	Gross loss	change from 1973 (ha)	% of change	Annual rate of change (%)
Afro/sub Alpine veg	2986	0	1007	139	606	0	0	4738	1752	− 1728	− 36.5	− 0.55
Bare lands	0	386	0	0	3	8	0	397	11	216	54.4	0.07
Farmlands/settlements	0	200	10,907	40	880	2	0	12,029	1122	786	6.5	0.25
Grasslands	24	5	689	2806	393	0	0	3917	1111	− 877	− 22.4	− 0.28
Shrublands	0	17	208	47	1579	8	733	2592	1013	921	35.5	0.30
Water courses/beds	0	3	0	0	51	69	0	123	54	− 32	− 26.0	− 0.01
Woodlands/plantations	0	2	4	8	1	4	155	174	19	714	410.3	0.23
Grand total	3010	613	12,815	3040	3513	91	888	23,970
Gross gain	24	227	1908	234	1934	22	733

The diagonal italicized box indicates persistence of categories while non italicized areas show changes
Source: Derived from the LULC maps of the watershed

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