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Table 6 Statistical characteristics of discriminant grouping and WHO limit

From: Assessment of urban groundwater quality using Piper trilinear and multivariate techniques: a case study in the Abuja, North-central, Nigeria

Parameters

Discriminant analysis

Mean and standard deviation

WHO limit

Dry season

Raining season

pH

6.67 ± 0.67

6.87 ± 0.57

6.5–8.5

Temp

25.25 ± 1.57

26.32 ± 0.94

 

AlK

31.20 ± 18.55

41.13 ± 3.56

 

TDS

1433.76 ± 459.38

519.96 ± 64.71

1000

EC

1789.31 ± 1040.08

1811.21 ± 526.37

1500

Cl

253.27 ± 221.27

211.14 ± 85.83

250

\( {{\text{SO}}_{4}}^{2 - } \)

359.99 ± 297.47

578.08 ± 288.70

250

CO32−

17.74 ± 9.88

22.14 ± 4.85

 

\({ {\text{NO}}_{3}}^{ - } \)

4.13 ± 2.64

4.31 ± 1.87

50

HCO3

403.66 ± 141.64

595.97 ± 111.17

500

F

1.23 ± 0.54

1.36 ± 0.29

1.5

K+

5.61 ± 3.00

6.97 ± 2.01

12

Na+

211.53 ± 189.41

333.17 ± 191.13

50

Fe2+

1.51 ± 1.23

0.29 ± 0.65

0.3

Ca2+

90.95 ± 83.85

30.04 ± 17.24

300

Mg2+

118.80 ± 118.05

30.49 ± 16.90

50

Mn

0.03 ± 0.02

0.03 ± 0.03

0.4

TH

676.92 ± 668.83

464.99 ± 120.27

500

SiO2

4.88 ± 3.44

2.65 ± 2.36