Impact of landscape dynamics and intensities on the ecological land of major cities in Ethiopia

Degefu, Mekonnen Amberber; Argaw, Mekuria; Feyisa, Gudina Legese; Degefa, Sileshi

doi:10.1186/s40068-021-00237-1

Environmental Systems Research

Table 5 Land use land cover transition matrix of major changes (ha) in cities of Ethiopia (1990–2020)

From: Impact of landscape dynamics and intensities on the ecological land of major cities in Ethiopia

LULC-2020	UA	BL	BU	UFG	W	Total 1990	% total	Loss	UA	BL	BU	UFG	W	Total 1990	% total	Loss
Addis Ababa									Adama
Urban agricultural	8452	236.52	10,431	713.52	1213.7	21,046.9	37.79	12,594.9	2431.6	572.94	2171.1	706.5	20.07	5902.2	53.8	3470.58
Bare land	4578.7	760.41	5634.8	509.4	428.94	11,912.2	21.39	7333.56	706.5	127.44	363.78	208.44	5.04	1411.2	12.9	704.7
Built up area	1089	118.08	9867.1	711.63	821.16	12,606.9	22.64	11,517.9	212.22	112.95	1120.2	261.72	16.65	1723.8	15.7	1511.55
UF&G	649.44	319.59	2095.4	3426.7	515.88	7006.95	12.58	6357.51	454.23	94.77	204.84	1019.8	25.65	1799.3	16.4	1345.05
Water	694.26	13.14	1919.4	154.8	335.34	3116.97	5.6	2422.71	10.89	14.8	15.12	50.94	35.82	127.57	1.16	116.68
Total 2020	15,463	1447.74	29,948	5516	3315	22,841.5^a			3815.5	922.9	3875	2247.4	103.2	4734.9^a
% total	27.77	2.6	53.78	9.9	5.95	55,690			34.8	8.42	35.34	20.5	0.94	10,964
Gain	7011.4	687.33	20,081	2089.4	2979.6				1383.8	795.46	2754.8	1227.6	67.41
Net change ^b	− 5583.5	− 6646.2	8562.9	− 4268.2	556.92				− 2087	90.76	1243.3	− 117.5	− 49.3
Net persistence (NP)	− 0.66	− 8.74	0.87	− 1.25	1.66				− 0.86	0.71	1.11	− 0.12	− 1.38
Direction of change	− 10.03	− 18.79	31.14	− 2.68	0.36				− 19.03	− 4.45	19.62	4.09	− 0.22
Bahir Dar									Hawassa
Urban Agricultural	5264.3	1875.9	2651.5	2199.8	18.4	12,009.8	56.3	6745.5	2732.4	354.5	2075.4	1438.5	13.1	6613.9	18.3	3881.5
Bare land	715.6	211.9	715.1	793.8	9.2	2445.5	11.5	1729.9	348.1	152.0	20,018.6	60.8	12.5	20,592.0	56.9	20,243.9
Built up area	400.3	248.0	731.1	675.7	32.9	2087.9	9.8	1687.6	157.0	53.0	796.6	34.8	31.2	1072.6	3.0	915.7
UF&G	722.5	286.4	679.1	2517.2	75.3	4280.5	20.1	3558.0	1723.1	51.5	402.6	4981.8	99.8	7258.8	20.1	5535.6
Water	0.7	1.4	26.5	215.3	276.4	520.2	2.4	519.5	109.5	0.0	1.4	235.0	283.8	629.7	1.7	520.2
Total 2020	7103.4	2623.4	4803.1	6401.8	412.1	9000.8^a			5070.2	611.0	23,294.6	6750.8	440.5	8946.5^a
% total	33.3	12.3	22.5	30.0	1.9	21,343.9			14.0	1.7	64.4	18.7	1.2	36,167.0
Gain	1839.2	2411.6	4072.1	3884.6	135.7				2337.8	459.0	22,498.0	1769.0	156.7
Net change^b	− 4906.4	681.7	2384.5	326.6	− 383.8				− 1543	− 19,784	21,582	− 3766	− 363
Net persistence (NP)	− 0.9	3.2	3.3	0.1	− 1.4				− 0.6	− 130.2	27.1	− 0.8	− 1.3
Direction of change	− 23.0	0.8	12.7	9.9	− 0.5				− 4.3	− 55.2	61.4	− 1.4	− 0.5

Bolded diagonal elements represent proportions of each land-use/cover class that were static (persisted) between 1990 and 2020. The loss column and gain row indicate the proportion of the landscape that experienced gross loss and gain in each class, respectively. All the figures in the table are in percent except Np, which is a ratio
^the bolded figure is the sum of diagonals and represents the overall persistence
^b Net change = gain–loss
Np refers to the net change to persistence ratio (i.e., net change/diagonals of each class)
UA: Urban agricultural land, BL: bare land, BU: built up, UF&G: urban forest and greenery, and W: water

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