Spatiotemporal variability and trends of rainfall and its association with Pacific Ocean Sea surface temperature in West Harerge Zone, Eastern Ethiopia

Environmental Systems Research

Table 4 MK trend analysis of spatial average monthly rainfall in West Harerge Zone (1983–2019)

Month	Kendall’s tau	S	p-value	Trend	Significance	Sen’s Slope (mm/year)
January	− 0.08	− 54	0.49	Downward	Insignificant	− 0.05
February	− 0.13	− 88	0.26	Downward	Insignificant	− 0.12
March	− 0.06	− 38	0.63	Downward	Insignificant	− 0.30
April	− 0.09	− 62	0.43	Downward	Insignificant	− 0.78
May	− 0.05	− 30	0.71	Downward	Insignificant	− 0.36
June	− 0.05	− 36	0.65	Downward	Insignificant	− 0.23
July	0.01	6	0.95	Upward	Insignificant	0.01
August	− 0.07	− 46	0.56	Downward	Insignificant	− 0.32
September	− 0.06	− 38	0.63	Downward	Insignificant	− 0.20
October	0.03	20	0.81	Upward	Insignificant	0.19
November	0.35	230	0.00*	Upward	Significant	0.38
December	− 0.08	− 56	0.47	Downward	Insignificant	− 0.03