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Table 2 Standards and method of analysis

From: Assessment of groundwater quality, toxicity and health risk in an industrial area using multivariate statistical methods

Test parameters

Symbol

Units

Description of standard analytical methods

Physical parameters

 pH

pH

pH units

pH meter

 Total dissolved solids

TDS

mg/L

TDS meter

 Electrical conductivity

EC

µs/cm

Conductivity meter

Major cations

 Calcium

Ca2+

mg/L

Titrimetric

 Magnesium

Mg2+

mg/L

Titrimetric

 Sodium

Na+

mg/L

ICP-MS

 Potassium

K+

mg/L

ICP-MS

Major anions

 Carbonate

CO32−

mg/L

Titrimetric

 Bi-carbonate

HCO3−

mg/L

Titrimetric

 Chloride

Cl−

mg/L

Titrimetric

 Fluoride

F−

mg/L

Calorimetric

 Sulphate

SO42−

mg/L

ISE

 Nitrate

NO3−

mg/L

ISE

Heavy metals

 Arsenic

As

µg/L

ICP-MS

 Cadmium

Cd

µg/L

ICP-MS

 Chromium

Cr

µg/L

ICP-MS

 Copper

Cu

µg/L

ICP-MS

 Nickel

Ni

µg/L

ICP-MS

 Lead

Pb

µg/L

ICP-MS

 Zinc

Zn

µg/L

ICP-MS