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Table 7 The correlations between urban sprawl index and climatic parameters

From: Assessment of urban sprawl effects on regional climate change using a hybrid model of factor analysis and analytical network process in the Mashhad city, Iran

Parameters

Pearson test

Urban sprawl index

Surface temperature

Total precipitation

Convective precipitation

Total ozone

Black carbon density

Surface long-wave flux

Urban sprawl index

R

1

0.981

− 0.805

− 0.681

0.865

0.827

0.927

Sig.

 

0.123

0.404

0.523

0.335

0.380

0.244

N

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

Surface temperature

R

0.981

1

− 0.904

− 0.809

0.945

0.920

0.982

Sig.

0.123

 

0.281

0.400

0.212

0.257

0.121

N

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

Total precipitation

R

− 0.805

− 0.904

1

0.983

− 0.994

− 0.999

− 0.969

Sig.

0.404

0.281

 

0.119

0.069

0.024

0.160

N

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

Convective precipitation

R

− 0.681

− 0.809

0.983

1

− 0.957

− 0.975

− 0.905

Sig.

0.523

0.400

0.119

 

0.188

0.143

0.279

N

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

Total ozone

R

0.865

0.945

− 0.994

− 0.957

1

0.998

0.990

Sig.

0.335

0.212

0.069

0.188

 

0.044

0.091

N

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

Black carbon density

R

0.827

0.920

− 0.999

− 0.975

0.998

1

0.977

Sig.

0.380

0.257

0.024

0.143

0.044

 

0.136

N

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

Surface long-wave flux

R

0.927

0.982

− 0.969

− 0.905

0.990

0.977

1

Sig.

0.244

0.121

0.160

0.279

0.091

0.136

 

N

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

  1. R: correlation ratio, Sig.: significance, N: number of three temporal sequences