From: Integrating life cycle analysis into system dynamics: the case of steel in Europe
Quantitative | Qualitative | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Criterion | Reproduced LCA? | Reproduced SD? | Criterion | Integration evaluation |
Emissions | Yes | – | SD improves LCA’s circularity analyses | Considerable/minor improvement: more detailed gate-to-cradle dynamics |
Biophysical depletion of iron ore | – | Yes | SD improves LCA’s long-term perspective | Substantial/major improvement: allows for full timespan flexibility |
Steel scrap generation and consumption | Yes | Yes | SD improves LCA’s macro analyses potential | Substantial/major improvement: allows for the tracking of multiple elements while multiple variables are interacting or changing simultaneously, not only OFAT |
Liquid steel output | Yes | Yes | LCA improves SD’s stakeholder involvement identification | Substantial/major improvement: more precise depiction of flows, stocks and roles as per LCA requirements |
Iron circularity | – | Yes | LCA improves SD’s analysis reliability | Substantial/major improvement: increased reliability and granularity due to data disaggregation and objectivity |
Steel input into economy | Yes | Yes | LCA improves SD’s applicability across managerial levels | Considerable/minor improvement: analyses can range from operational to strategic levels, but depend on how the model is built |