Table 7 Embodied energy and carbon of construction materials
From: Analyzing ecological footprint of residential building construction in Adama City, Ethiopia
Material | Embodied energy: MJ/kg | Embodied carbon: C/kg | References |
|---|---|---|---|
Cement | 5.9 | 0.248 | Hammond and Jones (2008) |
Sand | 0.1 | 0.007 | |
Aggregate (rock) | 0.06 | 0.003 | Alcorn (2003) |
Bar and rod | 24.6 | 0.466 | Hammond and Jones (2008) |
Stone (general) | 0.04 | 0.002 | |
HCB | 0.9 | 0.108 | Alcorn (2003) |
Iron sheet | 31.5 | 0.684 | Hammond and Jones (2008) |
MDF | 11 | 0.161 | Hammond and Jones (2008) |
Timber (m3) | 510 | 0.0 | Daily civil (2017) |
Metal (openings) (structural steel) | 13.1 | 0.185 | Hammond and Jones (2008) |
Aluminum | 192 | 8 | Alcorn (2003) |
Ceramic floor and wall tile | 2.5 | 0.138 | |
Glass | 15.9 | 1.735 | Alcorn (2003) |
Paint | 90.4 | 2.54 | Baird et al. (1997) |
Gypsum plastering | 3.6 | 0.218 | Alcorn (2003) |
Water (m3) | 13.038 | Gerbens-Leenes (2016) |