Distribution and ecological risk assessment of trace metals in surface sediments from Akaki River catchment and Aba Samuel reservoir, Central Ethiopia

Kassegne, Alemnew Berhanu; Esho, Tarekegn Berhanu; Okonkwo, Jonathan O.; Asfaw, Seyoum Leta

doi:10.1186/s40068-018-0127-8

Environmental Systems Research

Table 2 Mean concentrations of trace metals (mean ± SD, mg/kg dry weight) in sediment samples

From: Distribution and ecological risk assessment of trace metals in surface sediments from Akaki River catchment and Aba Samuel reservoir, Central Ethiopia

No.	Area	Cd	Cr	Cu	Fe
Dry season
S1	GAR at Entoto Kidanemihiret Monastery	2.5 ± 0.12	22.0 ± 1.11	5.7 ± 0.03	436.4 ± 0.37
S2	GAR at Tirunesh Beijing Hospital	2.6 ± 0.16	28.4 ± 1.19	3.6 ± 0.01	844.8 ± 2.93
S3	GAR below Akaki town	2.6 ± 0.14	23.1 ± 1.23	3.2 ± 0.01	557.0 ± 1.21
S4	LAR above Gefersa reservoir	2.9 ± 0.16	16.2 ± 1.38	1.6 ± 0.01	406.4 ± 2.66
S5	LAR at Lafto Bridge	2.7 ± 0.16	26.9 ± 1.24	15.3 ± 0.09	579.3 ± 1.19
S6	LAR at Jugan kebele	2.1 ± 0.17	43.7 ± 1.66	2.2 ± 0.03	539.1 ± 2.57
S7	Below the confluence point of GAR and LAR	2.6 ± 0.12	26.3 ± 1.29	5.7 ± 0.05	478.5 ± 4.22
S8	Aba Samuel reservoir at the midpoint	2.6 ± 0.17	27.7 ± 1.45	5.2 ± 0.01	492.1 ± 2.48
S9	Aba Samuel reservoir above the Dam	2.7 ± 0.15	21.0 ± 1.20	2.6 ± 0.01	437.3 ± 3.26
S10	Aba Samuel reservoir below the Dam	2.5 ± 0.17	31.4 ± 1.35	4.0 ± 0.19	818.4 ± 3.59
S11	Aba Samuel reservoir 1000 m downstream	2.8 ± 0.13	32.1 ± 1.23	7.4 ± 0.02	539.9 ± 3.83
		Pb	Mn	Ni	Zn
S1	GAR at Entoto Kidanemihiret Monastery	145.6 ± 0.34	423.5 ± 0.68	18.4 ± 1.15	17.6 ± 0.12
S2	GAR at Tirunesh Beijing Hospital	134.1 ± 5.34	1103.9 ± 8.55	26.3 ± 0.90	18.6 ± 0.10
S3	GAR below Akaki town	133.3 ± 4.68	576.9 ± 2.47	20.7 ± 0.98	29.1 ± 0.17
S4	LAR above Gefersa reservoir	124.4 ± 3.57	373.3 ± 2.79	15.6 ± 1.64	7.0 ± 0.05
S5	LAR at Lafto Bridge	170.8 ± 5.04	669.6 ± 3.66	26.2 ± 1.18	59.4 ± 0.25
S6	LAR at Jugan kebele	256.4 ± 7.33	1319.2 ± 10.51	36.2 ± 1.37	5.2 ± 0.04
S7	Below the confluence point of GAR and LAR	152.7 ± 3.50	464.8 ± 0.90	21.7 ± 0.97	13.7 ± 0.08
S8	Aba Samuel reservoir at the midpoint	128.5 ± 2.80	591.7 ± 3.17	22.9 ± 1.62	4.0 ± 0.02
S9	Aba Samuel reservoir above the Dam	129.1 ± 4.48	335.5 ± 1.62	20.4 ± 1.45	6.2 ± 0.02
S10	Aba Samuel reservoir below the Dam	145.4 ± 1.41	1061.5 ± 0.90	25.4 ± 1.20	12.5 ± 0.06
S11	Aba Samuel reservoir 1000 m downstream	171.2 ± 1.31	522.0 ± 3.11	26.3 ± 1.40	110.0 ± 0.55

No.	Area	Cd	Cr	Cu	Fe
Rainy season
S1	GAR at Entoto Kidanemihiret Monastery	2.6 ± 0.20	18.3 ± 1.02	2.1 ± 0.01	472.0 ± 2.38
S2	GAR at Tirunesh Beijing Hospital	2.8 ± 0.13	29.4 ± 1.17	2.4 ± 0.02	1094.9 ± 2.99
S3	GAR below Akaki town	2.8 ± 0.15	21.9 ± 0.80	3.3 ± 0.03	536.9 ± 1.52
S4	LAR above Gefersa reservoir	3.1 ± 0.17	28.7 ± 1.39	4.5 ± 0.01	1442.0 ± 10.23
S5	LAR at Lafto Bridge	2.6 ± 0.15	22.6 ± 0.91	5.3 ± 0.01	415.2 ± 3.35
S6	LAR at ugan kebele	2.5 ± 0.14	22.8 ± 1.38	6.2 ± 0.03	442.5 ± 3.12
S7	Below the confluence point of GAR and LAR	2.9 ± 0.16	23.4 ± 1.22	2.2 ± 0.01	524.2 ± 1.44
S8	Aba Samuel reservoir at the midpoint	2.6 ± 0.18	26.0 ± 1.18	2.5 ± 0.02	551.8 ± 1.63
S9	Aba Samuel reservoir above the Dam	2.7 ± 0.13	22.9 ± 0.96	2.5 ± 0.02	481.2 ± 3.93
S10	Aba Samuel reservoir below the Dam	2.7 ± 0.14	23.8 ± 1.07	3.6 ± 0.01	499.1 ± 1.16
S11	Aba Samuel reservoir 1000 m downstream	2.5 ± 0.13	29.1 ± 1.14	2.4 ± 0.02	541.2 ± 1.81
		Pb	Mn	Ni	Zn
S1	GAR at Entoto Kidanemihiret Monastery	111.5 ± 1.09	552.4 ± 1.94	14.6 ± 0.98	10.3 ± 0.02
S2	GAR at Tirunesh Beijing Hospital	114.4 ± 1.77	1531.4 ± 3.77	24.0 ± 1.16	19.8 ± 0.02
S3	GAR below Akaki town	122.5 ± 1.29	467.1 ± 3.44	20.7 ± 1.34	22.2 ± 0.18
S4	LAR above Gefersa reservoir	101.4 ± 3.10	1833.4 ± 11.63	23.1 ± 1.09	25.7 ± 0.11
S5	LAR at Lafto Bridge	125.9 ± 2.96	385.1 ± 2.84	19.9 ± 1.84	20.1 ± 0.09
S6	LAR at Jugan kebele	133.7 ± 0.17	422.5 ± 1.58	19.9 ± 1.54	31.1 ± 0.05
S7	Below the confluence point of GAR and LAR	132.6 ± 3.05	392.1 ± 1.56	21.2 ± 1.63	4.8 ± 0.04
S8	Aba Samuel reservoir at the midpoint	127.4 ± 2.10	541.4 ± 2.20	20.9 ± 1.13	38.2 ± 0.21
S9	Aba Samuel reservoir above the Dam	133.0 ± 2.10	393.4 ± 2.13	19.7 ± 1.19	17.2 ± 0.03
S10	Aba Samuel reservoir below the Dam	132.7 ± 3.33	431.8 ± 1.42	21.7 ± 1.02	18.2 ± 0.02
S11	Aba Samuel reservoir 1000 m downstream	131.0 ± 4.75	546.4 ± 2.37	20.6 ± 0.92	14.4 ± 0.04

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