Soil property | Altitude | Land use types | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Virgin forest | Virgin savana | Farming | Park afforestation | Grazing land | Eucalyptus forest | P value | ||
MC (%) | High (> 1500 m) | 8.69a ± 0.34 | 6.96ab ± 0.84 | 5.06b ± 1.33 | – | 6.96ab ± 0.84 | 6.97ab ± 3.31 | * |
Mid (900–1500 m) | 5.55ab ± 1.16 | 2.78ac ± 0.12 | 3.90ac ± 0.85 | 3.49ad ± 0.686 | 2.42ce ± 1.42 | 5.83b ± 2.02 | * | |
Low (< 900 m) | 6.98a ± .1.984 | 2.31b ± 0.83 | 3.03b ± 1.56 | – | 2.30b ± 0.83 | 4.77ab ± 0.68 | * | |
Total | 7.07 ± .1.81 | 4.01 ± 2.26 | 3.99 ± 1.41 | 3.49 ± 0.69 | 3.90 ± .2.438 | 5.86 ± 2.51 | * | |
BD (g/cm3) | High (> 1500 m) | 0.51a ± 0.03 | 0.84b ± 0.09 | 0.89b ± 0.09 | – | 0.84b ± .009 | 0.756b ± .151 | * |
Mid (900–1500 m) | 0.57a ± 0.11 | 0.87b ± 0.10 | 1.11c ± 0.24 | 0.94bd ± 0.09 | 1.19c ± 0.17 | 0.80bd ± .072 | * | |
Low (< 900 m) | 0.79a ± 0.11 | 1.45b ± 0.00 | 1.08c ± 0.20 | – | 1.39b ± 0.08 | 0.80d ± 0.07 | * | |
Total | 0.63 ± 0.15 | 1.05 ± 0.30 | 1.04 ± 0.21 | 0.94 ± 0.09 | 1.14 ± 0.26 | 0.78 ± 0.11 | ||
Sand (%) | High (> 1500 m) | 28.50ab ± 0.58 | 37.50ab ± 1.95 | 28.38b ± 7.15 | – | 37.50ab ± 1.91 | 37.0ac ± 5.35 | * |
Mid (900–1500 m) | 36.50a ± 5.80 | 34.00a ± 6.93 | 34.50a ± 4.98 | 36.92a ± 4.46 | 32.00a ± 4.97 | 35.4a ± 9.99 | NS | |
Low (< 900 m) | 38.00ab ± 0.00 | 37.00ab ± 0.00 | 41.88b ± 5.69 | – | 31.50ab ± 8.43 | 35.2ac ± 6.702 | * | |
Total | 34.33 ± 5.31 | 36.17 ± 4.09 | 34.86 ± 7.67 | 36.97 ± 4.46 | 33.67 ± 5.93 | 36.0 ± 7.427 | ||
Silt (%) | High (> 1500 m) | 57.00ab ± 0.00 | 48.00ab ± 2.00 | 56.13b ± 6.49 | – | 48.00ab ± 2.00 | 48.0ac ± 5.657 | * |
Mid (900–1500 m) | 47.00a ± 5.89 | 52.00a ± 5.77 | 48.00a ± 5.94 | 45.50a ± 4.10 | 53.00a ± 6.93 | 49.0a ± 10.7 | NS | |
Low (< 900 m) | 43.00ab ± 0.00 | 47.00ab ± 0.00 | 42.00b ± 5.76 | – | 51.50ab ± 9.15 | 52.00ac ± 5.29 | * | |
Total | 49.00 ± 6.88 | 49.00 ± 3.91 | 48.61 ± 7.98 | 45.50 ± 4.10 | 50.83 ± 6.46 | 49.20 ± 7.81 | ||
Clay (%) | High (> 1500 m) | 14.50a ± 0.58 | 14.50a ± 1.00 | 15.12a ± 0.99 | – | 14.50a ± 1.00 | 14.63a ± 2.77 | NS |
Mid (900–1500 m) | 16.25a ± 2.87 | 13.50a ± 1.73 | 17.17a ± 2.69 | 17.25a ± 3.77 | 14.75a ± 2.75 | 15.25a ± 2.96 | NS | |
Low (< 900 m) | 18.50a ± 0.58 | 16.00ab ± 0.00 | 16.00ab ± 1.69 | – | 16.75ab ± 2.22 | 12.7b ± 3.50 | * | |
Total | 16.42 ± 2.31 | 14.67 ± 0.50 | 16.25 ± 2.17 | 17.25 ± 3.77 | 15.33 ± 2.18 | 14.50 ± 2.98 |