Human health and environmental assessments of small-scale and artisanal mining activities in the Gold City of Ijeshaland, Southwestern Nigeria

Awomeso, J. A.; Taiwo, A. M.; Dada, E. O.; Ayantobo, O. O.

doi:10.1186/s40068-017-0095-4

Environmental Systems Research

Table 4 Non-cancer hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) values of elements in water and fish samples

From: Human health and environmental assessments of small-scale and artisanal mining activities in the Gold City of Ijeshaland, Southwestern Nigeria

	Surface water				Groundwater				Fish
	Mean	SD	Min	Max	Mean	SD	Min	Max	Mean	SD	Min	Max
Adult
B	1.8E−03	6.7E−04	9.6E−04	3.4E−03	4.0E−03	4.9E−03	4.0E−04	1.4E−02	5.6E−04	1.6E−04	4.1E−04	7.7E−04
Be	5.0E−04	3.3E−04	4.0E−04	1.8E−03	2.5E−03	3.2E−03	4.0E−04	9.3E−03	2.5E−04	3.0E−04	4.9E−05	6.9E−04
Se	2.4E−03	1.2E−03	1.6E−03	5.1E−03	3.0E−02	3.0E−02	1.6E−03	7.4E−02	8.7E−03	8.9E−03	2.0E−04	1.9E−02
Sr	4.7E−03	2.5E−03	9.8E−04	9.8E−03	1.5E−02	1.4E−02	5.9E−04	3.7E−02	3.8E−03	5.7E−03	6.0E−04	1.2E−02
Tl	5.7E−03	3.8E−03	2.0E−03	1.6E−02	4.3E−02	4.9E−02	4.0E−03	1.4E−01	5.1E−03	6.6E−03	2.5E−04	1.5E−02
U	2.1E−04	1.7E−04	1.1E−04	6.4E−04	5.8E−04	7.7E−04	1.1E−04	2.2E−03	6.0E−04	2.4E−04	3.4E−04	9.2E−04
HI	0.015	0.009	0.006	0.037	0.095	0.102	0.007	0.277	0.019	0.022	0.002	0.048
Child
B	5.3E−03	2.0E−03	2.9E−03	1.0E−02	1.2E−02	1.5E−02	1.2E−03	4.2E−02	3.4E−03	9.7E−04	2.5E−03	4.6E−03
Be	1.5E−03	9.9E−04	1.2E−03	5.3E−03	7.4E−03	9.5E−03	1.2E−03	2.8E−02	1.5E−03	1.8E−03	3.0E−04	4.1E−03
Se	7.1E−03	3.7E−03	4.8E−03	1.5E−02	9.1E−02	9.0E−02	4.8E−03	2.2E−01	5.2E−02	5.3E−02	1.2E−03	1.1E−01
Sr	1.4E−02	7.6E−03	2.9E−03	2.9E−02	4.6E−02	4.3E−02	1.8E−03	1.1E−01	2.3E−02	3.4E−02	3.6E−03	7.4E−02
Tl	1.7E−02	1.1E−02	6.0E−03	4.8E−02	1.3E−01	1.5E−01	1.2E−02	4.2E−01	3.1E−02	4.0E−02	1.5E−03	8.9E−02
U	6.4E−04	5.1E−04	3.2E−04	1.9E−03	1.7E−03	2.3E−03	3.2E−04	6.7E−03	3.6E−03	1.4E−03	2.1E−03	5.5E−03
HI	0.046	0.026	0.018	0.110	0.286	0.306	0.021	0.830	0.114	0.132	0.011	0.290
Infant
B	7.9E−03	3.0E−03	4.3E−03	1.5E−02	1.8E−02	2.2E−02	1.8E−03	6.3E−02	7.9E−03	3.0E−03	4.3E−03	1.5E−02
Be	2.3E−03	1.5E−03	1.8E−03	7.9E−03	1.1E−02	1.4E−02	1.8E−03	4.2E−02	2.3E−03	1.5E−03	1.8E−03	7.9E−03
Se	1.1E−02	5.6E−03	7.2E−03	2.3E−02	1.4E−01	1.4E−01	7.2E−03	3.3E−01	1.1E−02	5.6E−03	7.2E−03	2.3E−02
Sr	2.1E−02	1.1E−02	4.4E−03	4.4E−02	6.9E−02	6.4E−02	2.6E−03	1.7E−01	2.1E−02	1.1E−02	4.4E−03	4.4E−02
Tl	2.6E−02	1.7E−02	9.0E−03	7.2E−02	1.9E−01	2.2E−01	1.8E−02	6.3E−01	2.6E−02	1.7E−02	9.0E−03	7.2E−02
U	9.6E−04	7.7E−04	4.8E−04	2.9E−03	2.6E−03	3.5E−03	4.8E−04	1.0E−02	9.6E−04	7.7E−04	4.8E − 04	2.9E − 03
HI	0.069	0.039	0.027	0.165	0.429	0.459	0.032	1.245	0.069	0.039	0.027	0.165

Back to article page