Human health and environmental assessments of small-scale and artisanal mining activities in the Gold City of Ijeshaland, Southwestern Nigeria

Awomeso, J. A.; Taiwo, A. M.; Dada, E. O.; Ayantobo, O. O.

doi:10.1186/s40068-017-0095-4

Environmental Systems Research

Table 2 Trace element concentrations of samples collected at the vicinity of the gold mines

From: Human health and environmental assessments of small-scale and artisanal mining activities in the Gold City of Ijeshaland, Southwestern Nigeria

	Surface water (N = 19)		Groundwater (N = 9)		Sediment (N = 10)		Fish muscle (N = 4)		Fish gills (N = 4)		Fish gut (N = 4)		Plant (N = 12)
	Mean (µg L⁻¹)	SD	Mean (µg L⁻¹)	SD	Mean (µg kg⁻¹)	SD	Mean (µg kg⁻¹)	SD	Mean (µg kg⁻¹)	SD	Mean (µg kg⁻¹)	SD	Mean (µg kg⁻¹)	SD
B	11.00	4.30	25.50	30.40	9.74	6.29	0.03	0.01	0.04	0.02	0.03	0.01	6.17	2.71
Be	0.03	0.02	0.16	0.20	0.18	0.11	0.13	0.15	0.05	0.06	0.18	0.24
Cl	6211	3789	49,625	53,566	<0.1		4.63	2.87	7.00	8.95	7.50	1.91
Br	56.63	116.25	<0.01		0.97	0.92	24.38	14.59	35.75	41.54	56.00	22.20
Cs	0.04	0.05	0.69	1.04	77.00	63.65	0.32	0.35	0.20	0.30	0.67	0.86
Ga	0.09	0.21	0.03	0.00	46.00	22.72	1.00	1.35	0.36	0.41	1.31	1.27	0.92	1.20
Ge	<0.01	0.02	0.03	0.02	<0.01		0.15	0.12	0.08	0.08	0.13	0.13
Hf	<0.01		<0.01		0.95	0.67	0.20	0.22	0.01	0.01	0.04	0.02
In	<0.01		<0.01		<0.01		<0.01		<0.01		<0.01
Pd	<0.2		<0.2		<0.2		<0.2		<0.2		<0.2
Pt	<0.01		<0.01				0.08	0.06	0.05	0.05	1.11	2.03
Rb	10.42	5.77	29.28	26.62	14.20	5.37	43.97	50.28	29.48	49.49	56.36	42.16
Re	<0.01		<0.01		<0.01		<0.01		<0.01		<0.01
Rh	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.02			0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.03	0.02
Ru	<0.05		<0.01				0.03	0.00	0.03	0.01	0.03	0.00
S	1.60	3.14	12.36	13.33			65.25	29.64	43.50	25.56	46.25	9.03
Se	0.37	0.20	4.91	4.71	0.75	0.35	10.99	11.25	10.88	16.12	20.73	6.08	0.17	0.12
Sn	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.001	1.25	0.49	9.57	16.68	9.02	15.60	8.76	13.32
Sr	88.64	48.47	237.92	268.86	26.50	10.61	0.57	0.87	1.24	1.22	0.24	0.21	59.95	39.49
Ta	<0.02		<0.02		0.15	0.07	0.03	0.02	0.01	0.001	0.02	0.01
Te	<0.01		<0.01		<0.01		0.03	0.001	0.05	0.04	0.06	0.04	0.01	0.01
Th	<0.05		<0.05		29.40	7.64	0.61	0.35	0.68	0.66	0.49	0.37	0.08	0.12
Tl	0.01	0.01	0.12	0.12	0.03	0.001	0.10	0.13	0.11	0.18	0.65	0.88	0.03	0.03
U	0.02	0.01	0.04	0.07	1.30	0.85	0.46	0.18	0.50	0.33	0.80	0.60	0.07	0.08
U	0.02	0.01	0.04	0.07	1.30	0.85	0.46	0.18	0.50	0.33	0.80	0.60	0.07	0.08
W	0.04	0.03	0.05	0.02	0.35	0.35							0.10	0.08
Zr	0.19	0.45	0.01	0.001	65.95	66.11								0.05

SD standard deviation

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