Table 1 Definition of variables and their expected signs
From: Agroforestry and farm income diversification: synergy or trade-off? The case of Ethiopia
| Variable name | Definition of variables | Expected sign |
|---|---|---|
| Dependent variables | ||
| Model: AGROECUDUM and DOFFORNONFARM | Dependent dummies weather a household simultaneously adopt agroforestry and non-farming income generating activities | |
| Independent variables | ||
| DMALE | A dummy for sex of the household head (1=male; 0=female) | + (−) |
| LNRESPOAGE | Age of the household head | + (−) |
| FSIZE | Family size of the household | + (−) |
| DEPRATIO | Proportion of family members whose age is ≤15 and ≥65 to total family size | + (−) |
| PROPOSTUDENT | Proportion of family members who are students | + (−) |
| DUEDU1 | A dummy for household head level of education (=1 illiterate; =0 otherwise) | − |
| DUEDU2 | A dummy for household head level of education (=1 elementary; =0 otherwise) | + (−) |
| DUEDU3 | A dummy for household head level of education (=1 secondary and above;=0 otherwise) | + |
| FARMSIZE | Total farm size of the household | + |
| NONCROPFARM | Farmland allocated for non -food crop farming (like chat, vegetable) | + (−) |
| DLANDEGRA | A dummy for land degradation (=1 if the farmland is degraded; =0 otherwise) | + |
| DULANDRIGHT | A dummy for land right (=1 if the household perceive moderately secured; =0 otherwise) | + |
| DECONINCENT | A dummy for economic incentive (=1 if there is economic incentive of agroforestry; =0 otherwise) | + |
| LNUMOX | Number of ox the household owns | + |
| LNTOTLIVESTOKVAL | Estimated livestock value (in 2007/2008 current market price, in log form) | + (−) |
| LNEQUEXPER | Number of years the household adopts agroforestry in his/her farmland s (in log form) | + (−) |
| LNTOTOFFORNONFARMY | Total income of non-farm activity (in log form) | − |
| AVHOMEDISTA | Average home distance from the farm plot (in Minutes walk) | − |
| AVMARKETDISTA | Average home distance from the proxy market (in Minutes walk) | − |
| AVROADISTA | Average home distance from the main road (in Minutes walk) | + |
| CREDITDUM | A dummy for credit service (=1 if the household has access for credit service; =0 otherwise) | + |
| DAMBOMESK | Location of farm household is in Ambomesk (1 = yes; 0 = no) dummy | + |
| DKUDMI | Location of farm household is in Kudmi (1 = yes; 0 = no) dummy | + |
| DBACHIMA | Location of farm household is in Bachima (1 = yes; 0 = no) dummy | + |
| DGORAGOT | Location of farm household is in Goragot (1 = yes; 0 = no) dummy | − |
