Table 1 Definition of variables and their expected signs
From: Agroforestry and farm income diversification: synergy or trade-off? The case of Ethiopia
Variable name | Definition of variables | Expected sign |
|---|---|---|
Dependent variables | ||
 Model: AGROECUDUM and DOFFORNONFARM | Dependent dummies weather a household simultaneously adopt agroforestry and non-farming income generating activities |  |
Independent variables | ||
 DMALE | A dummy for sex of the household head (1=male; 0=female) | + (−) |
 LNRESPOAGE | Age of the household head | + (−) |
 FSIZE | Family size of the household | + (−) |
 DEPRATIO | Proportion of family members whose age is ≤15 and ≥65 to total family size | + (−) |
 PROPOSTUDENT | Proportion of family members who are students | + (−) |
 DUEDU1 | A dummy for household head level of education (=1 illiterate; =0 otherwise) | − |
 DUEDU2 | A dummy for household head level of education (=1 elementary; =0 otherwise) | + (−) |
 DUEDU3 | A dummy for household head level of education (=1 secondary and above;=0 otherwise) | + |
 FARMSIZE | Total farm size of the household | + |
 NONCROPFARM | Farmland allocated for non -food crop farming (like chat, vegetable) | + (−) |
 DLANDEGRA | A dummy for land degradation (=1 if the farmland is degraded; =0 otherwise) | + |
 DULANDRIGHT | A dummy for land right (=1 if the household perceive moderately secured; =0 otherwise) | + |
 DECONINCENT | A dummy for economic incentive (=1 if there is economic incentive of agroforestry; =0 otherwise) | + |
 LNUMOX | Number of ox the household owns | + |
 LNTOTLIVESTOKVAL | Estimated livestock value (in 2007/2008 current market price, in log form) | + (−) |
 LNEQUEXPER | Number of years the household adopts agroforestry in his/her farmland s (in log form) | + (−) |
 LNTOTOFFORNONFARMY | Total income of non-farm activity (in log form) | − |
 AVHOMEDISTA | Average home distance from the farm plot (in Minutes walk) | − |
 AVMARKETDISTA | Average home distance from the proxy market (in Minutes walk) | − |
 AVROADISTA | Average home distance from the main road (in Minutes walk) | + |
 CREDITDUM | A dummy for credit service (=1 if the household has access for credit service; =0 otherwise) | + |
 DAMBOMESK | Location of farm household is in Ambomesk (1 = yes; 0 = no) dummy | + |
 DKUDMI | Location of farm household is in Kudmi (1 = yes; 0 = no) dummy | + |
 DBACHIMA | Location of farm household is in Bachima (1 = yes; 0 = no) dummy | + |
 DGORAGOT | Location of farm household is in Goragot (1 = yes; 0 = no) dummy | − |