Land use/land cover changes and their environmental implications in the Gelana sub-watershed of Northern highlands of Ethiopia

Environmental Systems Research

Table 5 LULC transformation matrixes in the Gelana sub watershed between 1964 and 2014

Changed from	Changed to	1964–1986		1986–2014
Changed from	Changed to	Ha	%	ha	%
Changed from	Changed to	Ha	%	ha	%
Forest	Forest	387	10.71	178	23.77
	Shrub land	1751	48.46	287	38.32
	Cultivated and rural settlement	1126	31.17	251	33.51
	Grass land	319	8.83	28	3.74
	Bare land	26	0.72	5	0.66
	Urban built up area	4	0.11	0	0
	Wet land	0	0	0	0
Shrub land	Forest	170	6.29	880	18.67
	Shrub land	1379	51.02	1995	42.33
	Cultivated and rural settlement	894	33.07	1465	31.08
	Grass land	220	8.14	303	6.43
	Bare land	39	1.44	70	1.49
	Urban built up area	1	0.04	0	0
	Wet land	0	0	0	0
Cultivated and rural settlement	Forest	154	0.89	157	0.87
	Shrub land	1368	7.9	725	4.04
	Cultivated and rural settlement	15,435	89.21	16,283	90.77
	Grass land	278	1.61	282	1.57
	Bare land	21	0.12	229	1.28
	Urban built up area	46	0.27	261	1.46
	Wet land	0	0	1	0.01
Grass land	Forest	37	6.51	114	12.81
	Shrub land	179	31.52	311	34.94
	Cultivated and rural settlement	266	46.83	308	34.61
	Grass land	66	11.62	118	13.26
	Bare land	20	3.52	38	4.27
	Urban built up area	0	0	1	0.11
	Wet land	0	0	0	0
Bare land	Forest	1	0.97	21	19.63
	Shrub land	36	34.95	30	28.04
	Cultivated and rural settlement	58	56.31	35	32.71
	Grass land	7	6.8	13	12.15
	Bare land	1	0.97	8	7.47
	Urban built up area	0	0	0	0
	Wet land	0	0	0	0
Urban built up area	Forest	0	0	0	0
	Shrub land	0	0	0	0
	Cultivated and rural settlement	0	0	0	0
	Grass land	0	0	0	0
	Bare land	0	0	0	0
	Urban built up area	22	100	73	100
	Wet land	0	0	0	0
Wet land	Forest	0	0	1	0.2
	Shrub land	0	0	0	0
	Cultivated and rural settlement	159	24.05	193	38.45
	Grass land	0	0	0	0
	Bare land	0	0	8	1.59
	Urban built up area	0	0	0	0
	Wet land	502	75.95	300	59.76