Fig. 5From: Heuristic assessment of bridge scour sensitivity using differential evolution: case study for linking floodplain encroachment and bridge scourHEC-RAS modeled bridge with no encroachments (a), with encroachments (b), and schematic showing removal of floodplain constrictions (c). For the location corresponding to the ith component of the decision vector, \(\vec{x}_{i}=0\) specifies no relaxation of the constriction, i.e. no flow is permitted to access the floodplain. \(\vec{x}_{i}=1\) specifies full floodplain access, ie. no encroachmentsBack to article page