Table 5 Binary logit models on factors influencing some operational habits exhibited by farmers during and after application of pesticides
From: Pesticides exposure and the use of personal protective equipment by cocoa farmers in Ghana
Variables | Operational habits (marginal effects) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 | Model 7 | Model 8 | Model 9 | Model 10 | Model 11 | |
Talking | Receiving visitors | Singing | Chewing gum and sticks | Stirring with bare hands | Drinking water and alcohol | Whistling | Smoking cigarette/tobacco | Eating food | Removing blockage with the mouth | Washing of personal protective equipment | |
Gender | −0.023 (0.564) | −0.029 (0.723) | 0.002 (0.597) | 0.015 (0.736) | −0.026 (0.783) | 0.033 (0.772) | −0.002 (0.460) | 0.022 (0.321) | −0.350 (0.061) | −0.090 (0.396) | −0.039 (0.562) |
Age | 0.005 (0.016)* | 0.018 (0.000)** | 0.000 (0.188) | −0.005 (0.025)* | 0.014 (0.002)** | 0.030 (0.000)** | −0.000 (0.762) | 0.007 (0.000)** | −0.027 (0.002)** | −0.019 (0.000)** | −0.013 (0.000)** |
Educational level | 0.013 (0.477) | 0.120 (0.000)** | −0.002 (0.287) | −0.020 (0.317) | 0.034 (0.408) | 0.167 (0.001)** | 0.000 (0.722) | 0.004 (0.671) | 0.056 (0.401) | −0.015 (0.731) | −0.009 (0.741) |
Farming experience | 0.003 (0.028)* | −0.011 (0.000)** | 0.003 (0.000)** | −0.009 (0.000)** | −0.025 (0.000)** | 0.012 (0.000)** | −0.001 (0.000)** | −0.010 (0.000)** | −0.059 (0.000)** | −0.008 (0.003)** | −0.007 (0.000)** |
Extension contact | 0.026 (0.413) | −0.073 (0.234) | 0.003 (0.253) | − 0.125 (0.000)** | −0.070 (0.362) | −0.090 (0.263) | 0.001 (0.664) | 0.026 (0.206) | 0.013 (0.902) | 0.167 (0.029)* | 0.185 (0.001)** |
Member of FBO | −0.045 (0.301) | 0.181 (0.022)* | 0.031 (0.003)** | −0.064 (0.192) | − 0.160 (0.032)* | 0.056 (0.773) | 0.001 (0.214) | −0.101 (0.002)** | −0.019 (0.866) | 0.132 (0.115) | 0.108 (0.037)* |
Constant | −1.128 (0.502) | −3.278 (0.016) | −17.332 (0.000) | 5.042 (0.002) | 2.527 (0.040) | −7.564 (0.000) | 9.805 (0.019) | −3.456 (0.058) | 14.873 (0.000) | 3.861 (0.000) | 3.761 (0.008) |
Log likelihood | −68.441 | −95.816 | −37.219 | −77.542 | −103.170 | −125.222 | −41.359 | −71.382 | −50.654 | −136.155 | −94.165 |
LR chi2 | 19.16 | 73.81 | 231.09 | 67.51 | 96.34 | 78.99 | 194.51 | 100.18 | 229.00 | 51.53 | 70.04 |
Prob > chi2 | 0.004** | 0.000** | 0.000** | 0.000** | 0.000** | 0.000** | 0.000** | 0.000** | 0.000** | 0.000** | |
Pseudo R2 | 0.123 | 0.278 | 0.756 | 0.303 | 0.318 | 0.240 | 0.698 | 0.412 | 0.693 | 0.159 | 0.271 |