Table 1 Parameters related to power conversion technologies
From: Confidence modeling with reliability: a systems approach to sustainable energy planning
Conversion technology | Time period | ||
|---|---|---|---|
t = 1 | t = 2 | t = 3 | |
Power generation cost ($10 3 /GWh) and operating time (h) of conversion technology | |||
Coal-fired power | 5.0 (24900*) | 5.5 (24900) | 6.0 (24900) |
Gas-fired power | 4.5 (24600) | 5.0 (24600) | 5.5 (24600) |
Hydropower | 4.0 (21000) | 4.5 (21000) | 5.0 (21000) |
Wind power | 2.5 (15000) | 3.0 (15000) | 3.5 (15000) |
Solar power | 2.0 (15000) | 2.5 (15000) | 3.0 (15000) |
Nuclear power | 10.0 (24600) | 11.0 | 12.0 (24600) |
Fixed ($10 6 ) and variable ($10 6 /GW) costs for capacity expansion | |||
Coal-fired power | 325 (700**) | 385 (750) | 445 (800) |
Gas-fired power | 300 (650) | 350 (700) | 400 (750) |
Hydropower | 700 (1800) | 770 (1900) | 840 (2000) |
Wind power | 800 (1900) | 880 (1950) | 960 (2000) |
Solar power | 900 (2000) | 990 (2100) | 1080 (2200) |
Nuclear power | 1000 (1950) | 1100 (2100) | 1200 (2250) |
Variable upper bounds for capacity expansion (GW) | |||
Coal-fired power | 6.5 | 4.5 | 2.5 |
Gas-fired power | 4.8 | 5.8 | 6.8 |
Hydropower | 2.5 | 3.5 | 4.5 |
Wind power | 0.8 | 1.8 | 2.8 |
Solar power | 1.8 | 2.8 | 3.8 |
Nuclear power | 2.5 | 3.5 | 4.5 |
Energy consumption per units of electricity production (TJ/GWh) | |||
Coal-fired power | 12.5 | 12.4 | 12.3 |
Gas-fired power | 11.5 | 11.4 | 11.3 |
Hydropower | 4.0 | 3.95 | 3.9 |
Wind power | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.11 |
Solar power | 5.0 | 4.9 | 4.8 |
Nuclear power | 13.0 | 12.8 | 12.6 |
Available amounts of renewable energy (10 3 TJ) | |||
Hydropower | 90000 | 90000 | 90000 |
Wind power | 15000 | 15000 | 15000 |
Solar power | 20000 | 20000 | 20000 |
Nuclear power | 150000 | 150000 | 150000 |